Stretchable, self-powered strain sensors with high response and multifunction are of significant interest due to their potential in next-generation wearable technology. In this study, an approach was presented for design and fabrication of stretchable, self-powered strain sensors with enhanced-response and exteroception-visualizing. The sensors were fabricated by encapsulating a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrode layer inside Ecoflex triboelectric layer. ZnS: Cu particles and NaCl were incorporated into triboelectric layer and electrode layer to enhance responses of sensors twice sequentially and further introduce exteroception-visualizing capability. The open-circuit voltage of the resulting sample with 0.048 g NaCl is about 3.6 times that of sample without NaCl and ZnS: Cu particles, exhibiting a substantial enhancement in the output voltage. The samples have a good stretchability, which is capable of detecting the human motions in a self-powered manner, and harvesting mechanical energy from these motions. Meanwhile, the as-prepared samples exhibit a clear luminescence response to external force stimuli, demonstrating an exteroception-visualizing capability, which could be used as a handwriting recognition system through their force-optical and force-electrical responses. Our approach could be a promising strategy to design and fabricate high-response, and multifunctional strain sensors, which could have a great potential for the next generation of wearable devices.