In the era of the Internet of Things, wood-based aerogels have garnered widespread attention in flexible/wearable electronic devices owing to their sustainability, high porosity, and unique 3D porous microstructure. Herein, a multifunctional conductive aerogel based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and carbonized wood aerogel (CWA) has been prepared. This aerogel not only acts as a highly sensitive piezoresistive sensor, but also be assembled into a high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TPU/CWA-TENG, PCWA-TENG). The conductive network of TPU/CWA (PCWA) enables charges to disperse throughout the material and facilitates charge transfer, thereby enhancing the output performance of TENG. In addition, the rough surface microstructure of PCWA further enhances both its piezoresistive sensing performance and the output of TENG. The maximum power density (P) of PCWA-TENG reaches 5.64 W m−2, along with high triboelectric sensitivity (11.2 V N−1). The piezoresistive characteristics of PCWA can be applied in scenarios such as smart switches, smart door locks, and motion monitoring. PCWA-TENG can not only harvest energy during human movements but also function as a self-powered sensor for gait monitoring and fall detection. This research significantly expands the applications of wood-based electronic products in green energy harvesting, motion monitoring, and smart home systems.