A High-Performance Integrated Solar-Driven Evaporator-Triboelectric Nanogenerator Hybrid System for Simultaneous Water and Electricity Harvesting

The integration of solar-driven interfacial evaporation and energy harvesting technologies offers a transformative approach for simultaneously generating freshwater and electricity. However, existing systems remain limited by incomplete utilization of the energy available during desalination processes and by the instability of droplet-based electricity generation, which typically depends on uncontrollable environmental sources such as rainfall or fog. Herein, a high-performance all-in-one hybrid platform is reported by coupling a bioenzyme-treated wood aerogel solar evaporator with a fiber-based triboelectric nanogenerator to stably harvest both solar thermal and condensate droplet kinetic energies. This system achieves a record-high evaporation rate of 12.88 kg m-2 h−1, delivering 11.96 kg m−2 day−1 of freshwater under 1 sun illumination. The nanogenerator delivers an open-circuit voltage of 19.99 V and a short-circuit current of 997.94 nA. These are far exceeding the performance of state-of-the-art hybrid devices utilizing hydroelectricity, thermoelectricity, salinity gradient energy, or triboelectricity mechanisms. This work demonstrates a scalable, sustainable, and self-powered solution for decentralized cogeneration of water and electricity, paving the way for next-generation off-grid resource platforms.

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