Laser cladding was employed to fabricate AlCrFeNiTi x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings on Q235 steel substrates. The study systematically investigated the influence of Ti content on the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the coatings. With increasing Ti content, the phase composition of the coatings transitioned from a BCC + B2 dual-phase structure to a BCC + B2 + L2 1 multiphase system. Ti addition promoted the formation of the L2 1 phase and induced a unique sunflower-like microstructure, characterized by L2 1 phase embedding within the sunflower structure. This microstructural evolution significantly enhanced the hardness and wear resistance of the coatings. The AlCrFeNiTi coating (x = 1) exhibited the highest microhardness of 750 HV, while the AlCrFeNiTi 0.5 coating showed the highest wear resistance with a wear volume of only 0.004 mm 3, which is an order of magnitude lower than that of the Ti-free coating (0.034 mm 3) However, excessive Ti content led to increased brittleness due to the growth of the L2 1 phase, resulting in a gradual decline in wear performance.
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