Achieving Self-Enhancing Bi-Characteristic Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Intrinsic Electric Field Superposition

The bi-characteristic current triboelectric nanogenerator (BC-TENG), which synergistically utilizes triboelectrification, electrostatic induction, and electrostatic discharge, features a simple structure, low cost, and flexible output modes, making it a promising candidate for powering distributed electronics in the expanding Internet of Things (IoT). However, practical deployment remains hindered by insufficient output and energy losses arising from conventional multi-unit integration strategies. Herein, a self-enhancing integration strategy is proposed to enable effective power superposition while simultaneously optimizing the performance of each individual unit. By leveraging the intrinsic electric field originating from residual tribo-charges on the electret, a vertically stacked architecture is developed, in which individual BC-TENG components mutually reinforce each other through electric field superposition. Under rotary mode, the self-enhancing BC-TENG (SE-BC-TENG) delivers a stable current output with a power density of up to 9.66 W/m2/Hz. This work provides a new insight into enhancing the output performance and achieving effective integration of the BC-TENG, offering a promising route toward scalable, high-performance energy solutions for next-generation IoT devices.

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