Nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional tribological properties. Despite extensive research on nanocomposites, systematic reviews regarding the application of multi-dimensional nanomaterials across multiple key domains remain relatively limited. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanomaterials in bulk self-lubricating composites, interfacial coatings, interfacial micro–nanostructures, and superlubricity systems. It systematically examines the underlying mechanisms through which these materials reduce friction coefficients, enhance wear resistance, and achieve super-lubricity. By summarizing the synergistic effects and structural design strategies across different dimensional nanomaterials, this work provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the development of high-performance tribological materials. Furthermore, it outlines future research challenges and developmental trends, aiming to promote the advanced application of nanotribology in fields such as energy, precision manufacturing, and biomedicine.