As a high-entropy energy harvester, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) face inherent challenges in practical implementation due to their characteristic low current and high impedance, which limit power delivery efficiency to backend electronics. This work introduces a bidirectional charge transferred triboelectric nanogenerators system (BCT-TENG-S) that employs grid electrodes and non-contact pump electrodes to simultaneously increase internal capacitance from 12.8 to 180.7 pF and reduce internal resistance by 99% to 10 MΩ through impedance matching optimization, achieving a high-impedance ratio of 140. Three TENGs compose a charge cycling network that enables a bidirectional charge transfer system, synergistically boosting short-circuit current to 19.5 µA. This configuration achieves a power density of 50.29 W/(m3·Hz) at optimal 10 MΩ loading. Integrate BCT-TENG-S and PMC circuits, as well as wireless carbon dioxide concentration sensor circuits, and package them in an ocean float to form a distributed self-powered sea surface carbon dioxide concentration monitoring system.