An elastohydrodynamic lubrication simulation of a reciprocating rod seal with a textured rod was developed, which can used to design the most optimum texturing parameters for reciprocating rod. Based on the viscoelasticity of the rubber material, the transient dynamic equilibrium conditions of the reciprocating rod seal with a textured rod was established. By solving the one-and two-dimensional lubrication equations, the fluid film pressure for different textures was calculated. The asperities contact pressure was solved by microscopic contact analysis. The fluid-solid coupling iterative solution in the sealing zone was realized by the modified stiffness matrix method. By using the above model, the effect of different texture types and parameters on the sealing performance was analyzed.