The investigate about the effect of the microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy on its cavitation erosion and corrosion properties in marine can provide the key basis for the application. On the basis of as-received Ti6Al4V(TC4) alloy, FC-TC4 and AC-TC4 alloys were prepared by heat treatment with the cooling method of a furnace and atmospheric environment, respectively. Then the microstructure evolutions of three samples were scrutinized and the effect of microstructure on their cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance was explored. The results showed that more recrystallized grains formed as well as its content of alpha grains and high-angle grain boundaries increased in AC-TC4 alloy. To FC-TC4 alloy, there was obvious grain growth apart from recrystallization. Moreover, many nanotwins of TiV and TiAl3 were formed separately in FC-TC4 and AC-TC4 alloys due to the dislocation migration during heat treatment. The microstructure evolution led the hardness and elastic modulus of AC-TC4 alloy were the best, followed by FC-TC4 alloy, that of TC4 were the worst. Similarly, passivating ability of AC-TC4 alloy was the best among three samples because of its microstructure. Although cracks extended along the grain boundaries under the action of continual cavitation erosion, the passivation film formed by TiO2 and Al2O3 would enhance their resistance to further corrosion and cavitation erosion in artificial seawater. (C) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.