In this work, the effect of a time-varying contact surface on friction-induced vibration and noise (FIVN) and surface wear performance was studied experimentally. A certain size groove was fabricated on a surface of compacted graphite iron, then filled with pure phenolic resin and phenolic resin with MoS2 additives to obtain a surface with time-varying contact characteristics. The experiment was carried out in a ball-on-flat configuration. The results show that introducing the filler of phenolic resin with MoS2 additives into the groove is effective not only at suppressing the generation of FIVN and improving surface wear performance, but also at alleviating the impact vibration between the groove edge and the ball. More importantly, the time-varying contact surfaces designed in this work are valuable for exploring the role played by debris in the modification of wear state and the formation of interfacial characteristics, and how this finally affects the generation of FIVN. The investigation shows that a time-varying contact surface filled with suitable materials can realize the aim of FIVN reduction.