A composite model, which combined diamond thin film with surface microstructure, was designed on the surface of silicon carbide by picosecond laser and hot filament chemical vapor deposition. And the multifunctional friction and wear tester was used to study the tribological performance of the friction pair (silicon carbide-graphite) under oil-poor conditions to examine the tribological performance of the friction pair in terms of surface temperature rise and time-varying wear. The results show that the friction coefficient under the composite modeling of surface microstructure and diamond film reaches 0.009, and at the same time, the surface temperature of the composite modeling is only 61.2℃, which is 5.1% lower than that of only diamond film and 62.1% lower than that of no surface treatment, which indicates that the high frictional heat has caused a significant graphitization transition in the film. And the surface of the friction sub-surface with the lowest temperature (surface microstructure and diamond thin film composite modeling) kept the carbon content at more than 90% without the formation of Si-C bonding, which guaranteed the complete carbon friction transfer film; At the same time, the ID/IG ratio of the friction surface under the composite modeling of the surface microstructure and diamond film is about 0.06 at the abrasion mark, the ID/IG ratio of the diamond film only is about 0.33, and the ID/IG ratio of the friction surface without any surface treatment is about 1.37. Transient high temperatures lead to abrasion and localized spalling on the surface of friction pairs, causing graphite oxidation to become progressively more severe, thus transforming abrasive wear into adhesive wear. As a result, double composite surface configuration with diamond film and laser texture further reduced the transient temperature rise of the surface and improved the tribological performance of the friction pairs.