Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts an analysis of the rotor-bearing system under GLM lubrication using a constructed test rig, focusing on vibration signals, surface characteristics of the friction pair, contact resistance and temperature rise features. Findings The study reveals that GLM can effectively improve the lubrication condition of the tribo-pair, leading to a more stable vibration signal in the system. Surface analysis demonstrates that GLM can protect the sample surface from wear, and phase separation occurs during the experimental process. Test results of contact resistance indicate that, in addition to enhancing the interfacial conductivity, GLM also generates a fluid dynamic pressure effect. The high thermal conductivity and anti-wear effects of GLM can reduce the temperature rise of the tribo-pair, but precautions should be taken to prevent oxidation and the loss of its fluidity. Originality/value The overall operating characteristics of the rotor-bearing system under GLM lubrication were investigated to provide new ideas for the lubrication of the rotor-bearing system. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2024-0067/