In this study, a spherical CrCoFeNiMn high-entropy alloy (HEA) powder with uniform size was prepared using gas atomization. High-quality CrCoFeNiMn HEA coatings were then applied to a 316L stainless steel substrate using prepowdered laser cladding. The main focus of the study is on the phase structure composition and stability, microstructure evolution mechanism, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of CrCoFeNiMn HEA coatings. The results show that the CrCoFeNiMn HEA coatings prepared using gas atomization and laser melting techniques have a single FCC phase structure with a stable phase composition. The coatings had significantly higher diffraction peak intensities than the prepared HEA powders. The coating showed an evolution of columnar and equiaxed crystals, as well as twinned dislocation structures. Simultaneously, the microstructure transitions from large-angle grain boundaries to small-angle grain boundaries, resulting in a significant refinement of the grain structure. The CrCoFeNiMn HEA coating exhibits excellent mechanical properties. The microhardness of the coating increased by 66.06% when compared to the substrate, the maximum wear depth was reduced by 65.59%, and the average coefficient of friction decreased by 9.71%. These improvements are mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of grain boundary strengthening, fine grain strengthening, and twinning and dislocation strengthening within the coating.